Over the years, sublimation printing has increasingly become a popular and profitable method for creating custom designs. And unsurprisingly, the method is relatively low-cost, produces exceptional pieces, and works on various materials, making it versatile and very user-friendly.
In recent times, wood has also become a popular sublimation substrate, and the trend isn’t stopping any time soon.
Sublimating on wood provides a unique and natural look that can enhance the beauty and value of a product. However, wood sublimation differs slightly from standard sublimation and requires specific techniques and considerations to ensure successful and high-quality results.
So whether you’re a business owner or an individual looking to create personalized wood products, you will need the knowledge and techniques necessary to achieve high-quality sublimated wood prints.
But worry not. This post will look at how to sublimate on wood and cover everything from choosing the right type of wood to finishing the product. It will also discuss common issues that may arise during the process and offer solutions to help you achieve successful results. Keep reading to learn more.
Choosing the Right Wood
The first step when sublimating on wood is selecting the right type. Not all wood types are suitable for sublimation, so choosing one that has a smooth surface and can hold the ink properly is essential.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Wood
Using wood as a substrate produces excellent designs appropriate for many occasions. However, it also presents some unique challenges that make getting good results more difficult. Here are some of the considerations you should take when picking your sublimation wood:
- Smoothness: the wood must have a smooth surface to ensure the ink adheres properly. Rough surfaces may cause the ink to bleed or not transfer correctly, resulting in a poor-quality print.
- Absorbency: the wood must be able to absorb the sublimation ink. If the wood is too dense or has a coating that repels ink, the transfer will not be successful.
- Color: the color of the wood will affect the design’s outcome. Light-colored woods such as maple or birch are best for bright and vivid designs, while darker woods such as cherry or mahogany are better suited for more subdued designs.
Types of Wood Suitable for Sublimation
Different types of wood have different characteristics and going through them all to find the right one to sublimate can be time-consuming. Below we’ve put together the ones that will help you achieve the best results:
- Plywood: plywood is a popular choice for sublimation due to its smooth surface and affordability. It’s also suitable for a polyester or polymer coating to ensure proper ink absorption.
- MDF (medium-density fiberboard): MDF is another popular choice due to its smooth surface and affordability. Like plywood, it can be coated with a polyester or polymer coating to ensure proper ink absorption.
- Maple: is a light-colored wood known for its hardness and durability, which can also be coated with a special sublimation coating to ensure proper ink absorption.
- Cherry: is a darker wood with a rich, warm color, which contrasts nicely with most sublimation inks.
Types of Wood to Avoid
Here is a list of woods you will be better off avoiding altogether:
- Cedar: contains oils that can cause the ink to bleed and not transfer properly.
- Pine: has a very porous surface and may not hold the ink properly. It also tends to seep sap when heated, which can affect the final print.
- Oak: has a grainy surface that may cause the ink to bleed and not transfer properly.
Preparing the Wood Surface
Once you have chosen the right type of wood, preparing the surface before sublimating is essential. This involves sanding the wood, cleaning it thoroughly, and applying a coating to ensure proper ink absorption. Here is how to in more detail.
- Sanding the Wood
Before applying any coating, it’s essential to sand the wood down to ensure a smooth surface. You can use sandpaper for sanding, starting with a rough grit to help you take out more material quickly and progressing to a finer grit for that smooth finish. Moreover, remove any rough spots or splinters, as these can cause the ink to bleed or not transfer properly.
- Cleaning the Wood
After sanding, clean the wood thoroughly to remove any dust or debris. Use a clean cloth or paper towel and a mild cleaning solution to wipe the surface. Be sure to remove any residue from the cleaning solution, as this can also affect ink absorption.
- Applying the Coating
Applying a special coating to the wood surface is recommended to ensure proper ink absorption. This can be a polyester or polymer coating specifically designed for sublimation. Remember, most sublimation dyes are designed to work with polyester and will not stick on most surfaces without being primed.
Furthermore, follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the coating’s application and ensure you apply it evenly and in thin layers. Finally, allow the coating to dry completely before proceeding with the sublimation process.
Choosing the Right Sublimation Ink
Choosing the right type of ink is essential in wood sublimation because it impacts the quality and longevity of the final product. Furthermore, sublimation ink is a dye that is sublimated or converted to a gas state from a solid when exposed to heat and pressure. The gas then bonds with the substrate’s surface, creating a permanent and vibrant print.
While on the other hand, wood burns at high temperatures, and different types of wood affect the ink transfer process differently. Therefore, when sublimating on wood, using ink compatible with the wood’s natural properties is crucial.
Additionally, wood is a porous material that can absorb and release moisture, which affects the ink’s performance and can result in fading, bleeding or other undesirable effects. Using ink explicitly designed for sublimating on wood can help minimize these issues and ensure the print is vibrant and long-lasting.
It’s also good to note different types of ink may have different temperature and pressure requirements, which can impact the transfer process. Using the wrong kind of ink can result in the wood scorching or an incomplete or uneven transfer, affecting the final product’s quality. Therefore, it’s essential to choose an ink compatible with the wood’s properties and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for temperature and pressure requirements.
Types of Sublimation Inks
There are several types of sublimation inks available, each with advantages and disadvantages. Here are the most common.
- Water-based Dye Sublimation Ink
Water-based dye sublimation ink is the most common type of ink in wood sublimation. It’s easy to use and produces vibrant, long-lasting colors. Another reason it’s a popular option is its environmentally friendly properties and ease of use.
Pros
- Eco-friendly because it’s free from harmful chemicals and solvents
- Produces vibrant colors that are long-lasting and fade-resistant
- Easy to use and requires no special equipment or tools
- Relatively inexpensive compared to other types of ink, making it a cost-effective option for businesses or individuals on a budget
Cons
- May not be compatible with all types of wood surfaces, for instance, wood that’s too porous
- The wood surface must be properly prepared by sanding and cleaning; otherwise, the ink may not adhere properly
- It may fade or deteriorate over time, especially if exposed to sunlight or moisture
- May not be suitable for all types of wood products, especially curved surfaces
- Oil-based Dye Sublimation Ink
Oil-based dye sublimation ink is another option that produces vivid colors. It is more expensive than water-based ink and requires special handling. Here are some other factors to consider before choosing this ink for sublimation.
Pros
- Highly durable and resistant to fading, making it an ideal option for products exposed to sunlight or moisture
- Excellent adhesion to wood surfaces, ensuring the print is long-lasting and resistant to wear and tear
- Suitable for a wide range of wood surfaces, including both smooth and rough textures
- Produces bright and vibrant colors that are highly saturated and visually appealing
Cons
- Contains solvents and other harmful chemicals, making it potentially toxic and detrimental to the environment if not appropriately handled
- More expensive than water-based dye sublimation ink, making it a less cost-effective option for businesses or individuals on a budget
- Requires a longer drying time compared to water-based dye sublimation ink, increasing production times
- Requires more complex printing and transfer processes, including specialized equipment and tools
- Pigment Sublimation Ink
Pigment sublimation ink produces a softer, more muted color palette. It’s less widely used than water-based or oil-based ink, but it’s as versatile and durable. Here are some factors to consider.
Pros
- Compatible with a wide range of surfaces, including wood with rough or porous textures
- Highly durable and resistant to fading, making it ideal for sunlight and moisture-exposed products
- Produces bright, vivid colors that are highly saturated and visually appealing
- Easy to handle and does not require special storage or handling procedures, unlike oil-based dyes
Cons
- More expensive than other types of ink, making it a less cost-effective option
- Less widely available compared to other types of ink, making it more challenging to obtain
- Requires special equipment, such as a printer with specialized pigment ink cartridges and a heat press, which can be expensive to purchase
- Requires a longer drying time compared to other types of ink, which can increase production time
Factors to Consider When Choosing Sublimation Ink
Here are some other factors to consider while picking a sublimation ink.
- Compatibility
Be sure to choose an ink compatible with your printer and transfer paper, as well as the wood type you will be using.
- Color accuracy
Look for an ink that produces accurate and consistent colors to give you the best possible results.
- Durability
Consider the intended use of the final product and choose an ink that will produce a durable, long-lasting print.
Best Practices for Handling Sublimation Ink
After choosing sublimation ink that meets your performance and budget needs, knowing how to handle it properly is essential. This will help you preserve it for a long time and ensure you don’t endanger your health. Here are a few tips.
- Store the ink in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
- Handle the ink carefully, as it can stain clothing and surfaces
- Use gloves and protective eyewear when handling the ink
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper use and disposal of ink containers and leftovers
Printing the Design onto a Transfer Paper
Once you have chosen the right ink and prepared the wood surface, it’s time to print the design onto a transfer paper. The transfer paper is a particular type of paper you coat with a layer of sublimation ink and place on the wood surface you want to transfer your desired design. Then you use heat and pressure to sublimate the ink onto the wood’s surface.
Choosing the Right Transfer Paper
There are several types of transfer paper available, each affecting the sublimation process and final quality differently. So consider the following factors when choosing your transfer paper:
- Weight
The weight of the transfer paper affects the quality of the print. Heavier weight papers produce sharper, more detailed prints; the reverse is true.
- Coating
The coating on the transfer paper should be compatible with the ink and the surface you are sublimating onto. Otherwise, the transfer won’t be as effective as it would be with a compatible sublimation paper.
- Size
Choose a transfer paper size appropriate for the wood’s surface area you’re sublimating.
- Cost
Transfer paper can vary in cost, so consider your budget, business strategy, and most use cases.
Printing the Design
Once you have chosen the right transfer paper, it’s time to print the design onto the paper. Use a high-quality printer and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for loading the transfer paper. Be sure to adjust the printer settings for your transfer paper.
Additionally, ensure you have your print settings to the correct configurations and the highest print quality your printer can achieve for the best results.
Applying the Printed Design to the Wood Surface
Once you have printed the design onto the transfer paper, it’s time to apply it to the wood surface. This involves using a heat press to sublimate the ink from the paper to the wood.
A heat press is a machine that applies heat and pressure to transfer the ink from the paper to the wood’s surface. It’s always best to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for using the heat press. You should also ensure you adjust the heat press’s settings for the type of transfer paper and ink you’re using.
Here are the steps for applying your design using the transfer paper:
- Preheat the heat press to the recommended temperature for your transfer paper and ink.
- Place the wood surface onto the heat press for a few seconds to preheat it and remove any moisture.
- Place the transfer paper face down onto the wood surface, ensuring the design is aligned correctly.
- Cover the transfer paper with a sheet of protective paper or Teflon sheet to prevent ink from bleeding onto the heat press.
- Apply the heat press for the recommended time and pressure according to the instructions of the transfer paper and ink manufacturer.
- Remove the transfer paper and allow the wood surface to cool before handling.
Finishing the Sublimated Wood Product
Once the transfer has been applied to the wood surface, it’s time to finish the product to protect the sublimation ink and ensure a long-lasting print. Below we highlight a few finishing options.
- Polyurethane
Polyurethane is a clear protective coating that can be applied to the wood surface. It provides a durable, glossy finish and helps protect the sublimation ink from scratches and fading.
- Lacquer
Lacquer is another option for finishing the sublimated wood product. It provides a clear, hard finish resistant to scratches and fading.
- Wax
Wax is a natural option for finishing the sublimated wood product. It provides a soft, matte finish and helps protect the sublimation ink.
Applying the Finish
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for applying the chosen finish. Be sure to apply it evenly and in thin layers. Allow the finish to dry completely before handling the sublimated wood product.
Conclusion
Sublimation printing on wood is a versatile and creative way of producing high-quality, custom-made products. However, wood sublimation is also more challenging than other types of sublimation and takes special consideration of the ink, wood, and heating process to achieve desired results.
As we’ve seen, water-based dye sublimation ink is a cost-effective and eco-friendly option. In contrast, oil-based dye sublimation ink offers high durability and vibrant colors, while pigment sublimation ink provides versatility and durability. Each ink type has advantages and disadvantages; the choice ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences.
We’ve also seen that when sublimating on wood, it’s essential to consider factors such as the quality and texture of the wood, the printing process, and the transfer process. However, with proper preparation and execution, sublimating on wood can produce beautiful and long-lasting results that are sure to impress.
So what wood products and designs do you want to create with this process? Let us know in the comments section below.
FAQs
What types of wood are suitable for sublimation?
Most types of wood are suitable for sublimation, including hardwoods and softwoods. However, choosing a smooth, flat surface is essential for the best results. Wood with rough or porous textures may require additional preparation to ensure proper ink transfer.
Can you sublimate on colored or stained wood?
You can sublimate on colored or stained wood. However, it is essential to remember that the wood’s color may affect the final color of the sublimation print. Using a test piece of wood is recommended to ensure that the colors come out as desired, and you will also need to prime the wood with a polyester coating.
Can you sublimate on curved or irregularly shaped wood surfaces?
You can sublimate on curved or irregularly shaped wood surfaces using specialized equipment such as a vacuum press. However, it is essential to remember that the transfer process may be more challenging and require additional time and effort.
Is it necessary to use a protective coating after sublimating on wood?
Using a protective coating after sublimating on wood is recommended to protect the print from scratches, fading, and other forms of wear and tear. However, it’s not entirely necessary.
